Brown bear - Wikipedia. This article is about the animal. For the athletics teams at Brown University, see Brown Bears. The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear with the widest distribution of any living ursid. As of 2. 01. 2, this and the American black bear are the only bear species not classified as threatened by the IUCN. This name originated in the fable, History of Reynard the Fox, translated by William Caxton, from Middle Dutchbruun or bruyn, meaning brown (the color). Brown bear taxonomy and subspecies classification has been described as . Generally genetic testing uses the word clade rather than species because a genetic test alone cannot define a biological species. Most genetic studies report on how closely related the bears are (or their Genetic distance). There are hundreds of obsolete brown bear subspecies, each with its own name, and this can become confusing; Hall (1. Bruce Li Taiwanese actor, martial artist and Bruce Lee imitator who starred in martial arts films from the Bruceploitation movement. 1977 - El aventurero de Shaolin - Renegade Monk - Shaolin Ex-Monk - Si liang bo qian jin T. 1977 - Bruce Y Shaolin (La En. Bruce Li Contra el Dedo de Hierro https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXzUKyjhxBs http:// Bunraku http:// Campe 20 de Outubro de 1977 Outras datas Elenco de The Last Strike Bruce Li Carl Scott (I) Tom Feng Ku Chin Shi Po Meng Lo (I) Puishan Auyeung Susan Yam-Yam Shaw Dora Alan Chung San Chui Alexander Grand Biao Yuen Bun Yuen Cheung-Yan Yuen. Sin embargo, en el verano de 1977, el astuto y fr The polar bear is a recent offshoot of the brown bear. The point at which the polar bear diverged from the brown bear is unclear with estimations based on genetics and fossils ranging from 4. May be found as far east in Russia as the Yenisei River in Yamalo- Nenets Autonomous Okrug to Novosibirsk Oblast in the south, where bears grade into U. Overall has dark coloring, some animals appearing almost blackish- brown but will usually be paler at the top of the back. It may overlap with U. It is thought to be the ancestor of the polar bear and the Kodiak bear. Middendorf described it from Greater Shantar Island with its distribution range comprising the eastern coast of Siberia and Japan. Ranges as far north as southwestern Taymyr Peninsula and Anabar River. As far east ranging of all Eurasian brown bear races, it is found in Chukotka as far as the coast of the Bering Strait to the east and the coast of the Chukchi Sea in the north. It is intermediate in size between U. In the sub- Arctic region of Yakutia, bears are reportedly quite small compared to other regions. This bear is smaller than most other brown bears found on the Asian continent. Prefers high altitude forest and alpine meadow. Critically Endangered. Ursus arctos pruinosus . Both dark and light variants are encountered, with intermediate colors predominating. The fur around the neck is light, and frequently forms a . Like the Himalayan brown bear, the ears are relatively prominent. The skull is distinguished its relatively flattened choanae, an arch- like curve of the molar row and large teeth. Skull dimensions from mainland Russia (i. Primorsky and Khabarovsk) indicate they can rival Kamchatka brown bears in size. Nonetheless, individuals from Hokkaido can reportedly get larger than expected and have reached 4. Due its coloring, this race is sometimes informally referred to as the . This race tends to be an whitish blond color with less noticeable black- based hairs than grizzly bears have. Museum specimens illustrate that this race was golden- blonde overall typically without the contrasting black fur base of true grizzly bears. It also appeared to have been considerably larger with a broader muzzle than true grizzly bears. Highly variable in size based largely on environmental conditions. It is medium- hued, typically not as dark as most forms from eastern Asia but distinctly darker than grizzly bears. Ursus arctos nelsoni . Scarce by the 1. 93. It has occurred both in captivity and in the wild. In 2. 00. 6, the occurrence of this hybrid in nature was confirmed by testing the DNA of a strange- looking bear that had been shot in the Canadianarctic. This is an unrecognized subspecies that is considered to be a member of the nominate subspecies. Today, it is considered to belong to the U. Scientific evidence based on DNA studies would furthermore indicate the Eurasian brown bear can be divided into two distinct lineages. These populations are divided into those carrying an eastern lineage (clade IIIa, Leonard et al. Russian, northern Scandinavian and eastern European populations, and those carrying a western lineage (clade I, Leonard et al. Iberian Peninsula, including southern Scandinavian bears and the Pyreneean populations; and the other from the Italian. Kohn et al. In addition, based on the subfossil record in northwestern Moldova and mitochondrial DNA data from modern populations, a Carpathian refuge has also been proposed (Sommer & Benecke 2. Saarma et al. The brown bear population is considered endangered in Spain. The brown bear population in the Pyrenees stems mostly from bears reintroduced from Slovenia, with one or two remaining original males. It is rather small and pale and it appears to lack the whitish collar characteristic of Tibetan bears. The common name grizzly stems from their typical coloration, with the hairs on their back usually being brownish- black at the base and whitish- cream at the tips, giving them their distinctive . The winter hairs are thin, yet rough to the touch. The summer fur is much shorter and sparser, and its length and density varies geographically. They may reach 5 to 6 centimetres (2. Due to their claw structure, in addition to their excessive weight, adult brown bears cannot typically climb trees as can both species of black bear, although in rare cases adult female brown bears have been seen in trees. The rear feet of adult bears have been found to typically measure 2. All four feet in average sized brown bears tend to be about 1. In large coastal or Kodiak bear males, the hindfoot may measure up to 4. Kodiak bears having having had confirmed measurements of up to 4. The forehead is high and rises steeply. Skull projections are more weakly developed in females than in males. The braincase is relatively small and elongated. There is a great deal of geographical variation in the skull, and presents itself chiefly in dimensions. The width of the zygomatic arches in males is 1. The first three molars of the upper jaw are underdeveloped and single crowned with one root. The second upper molar is smaller than the others, and is usually absent in adults. It is usually lost at an early age, leaving no trace of the alveolus in the jaw. The first three molars of the lower jaw are very weak, and are often lost at an early age. The typical size depends upon which population it is from, and most accepted races vary widely in size. This is in part due to sexual dimorphism, as male brown bears average at least 3. Individual bears also vary in size seasonally, weighing the least in spring due to lack of foraging during hibernation, and the most in late fall, after a period of hyperphagia to put on additional weight to prepare for hibernation. Therefore, a bear may need to be weighed in both spring and fall to get an idea of its mean annual weight. The tail is relatively short, as in all bears, ranging from 6 to 2. Therefore, bears who range in ecozones that include have access to openings, cover and moisture or water tend to average larger whereas those bears that range into ecozones with enclosed forested areas or arid, sparsely vegetated regions, both of which tend to be sub- optimal foraging habitat for brown bears, average smaller. Scandinavia, eastern Europe, western Russia), Yellowstone National Park or interior Alaska seasonally weigh on average between 1. Bears from the Yukon Delta, interior British Columbia, Jasper National Park and southern Europe (i. Spain, the Balkans) can weigh from 5. Due to the lack of genetic variation within subspecies, the environmental conditions in a given area likely plays the largest part in such weight variations. Between the sexes, the grizzlies of Nelchina average around 2. Jasper grizzlies averaged about 7. The enclosed taiga habitat of Jasper presumably is sub- optimal foraging habitat for grizzlies, requiring them to range widely and feed sparsely, thus reducing body weights and putting bears at risk of starvation, while in surfaces areas in the tundra and prairie are apparently ideal for feeding. The largest recorded grizzlies from Yellowstone and Washington state both weighed approximately 5. European bears have been weighed in Slovakia and Bulgaria of up to 4. The latter bear, from western Russia, reportedly measured just under 2. Much like the grizzly and Eurasian brown bear, populations of the Ussuri brown bear (U. This is due presumably to the enclosed mixed forest habitat of Hokkaido. Leopold (1. 95. 9) described the now extinct Mexican grizzly that, according to Rausch (1. North America although the exact parameters of its body size are not known today. However, the Gobi bear has been reported to measure as small as 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in head- and- body length, which if accurate would make them the smallest known brown bear in linear dimensions. Due to their roughly corresponding body sizes, the two races and the species can both legitimately be considered the largest living member of the bear family Ursidae and largest extant terrestrial carnivores. In the Kamchatka brown bear in past decades, old males have been known to reach body mass of 5. However, a diminishment in body size of U. It once ranged throughout much of the continent. Canada has one of the most stable brown bear populations today. They reach their current eastern limits of their distribution in North America in a majority of Nunavut, northeastern Saskatchewan and northern Manitoba, where they range as far east as the west coast of the Hudson Bay from around Rankin Inlet south to Southern Indian Lake. About 9. 5% of the brown bear population in the United States is in Alaska, though in the lower 4. Rockies and the western Great Plains. Unfortunately, these populations are isolated from each other, inhibiting any genetic flow between ecosystems and creating low genetic diversity in remaining populations which can have negative long- time effects. They are extinct in the British Isles, extremely threatened in France and Spain, and in trouble over most of Central Europe. In the Cantabrian mountains of northwest Spain, some 2. Asturias, Cantabria, Galicia and Le.
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